Further difficulties loom ahead. The School of Education has already been hard hit by reductions in federal expenditures. Now the School of Public Health, the Medical School, the Division of Engineering and Applied Physics and several of the departments threaten to be. Last year the School of Public Health (which has been receiving more than two-thirds of its support from federal sources, largely from the National Institutes of Health) for the second consecutive year experienced a reduction in the amount of federal funds received. In commenting on this fact Dean Snyder first deplored the effect of such reductions on research, particularly on the School's ability to initiate new projects especially by young scientists, and then sounded the following alarm: "As public needs increase, and as the School's opportunities become greater for significant contributions to human health, the message to the Faculty is unmistakable- we must use our best efforts to find more financial support for the work of the School." Dean Ebert, of the Medical School, expressed similar concern about the effects of federal cutbacks on research and training for research.

We have experienced a quarter century of rapid growth and greatly increased level of performance in higher education in the United States. I have pointed out in earlier reports that the Harvard faculty nearly quadrupled in numbers during this time, that the number of endowed professorships more than tripled, and that nearly half of the present physical space available to the University for its multitudinous purposes has been acquired during the past twenty years. Now, however, we are faced with a drastically altering situation, and it promises to be exceedingly difficult not only to effect further enrichment and development, but possibly even to sustain the level of operation recently achieved.

It is hard at the moment to see how a measure of retrenchment can be avoided. Costs continue to rise. Income will surely be harder to come by. Competition for federal funds will become more intense at a time when science and universities are both declining in public favor. There are additional grounds for foreboding in the fact that recent occurrences on our campuses have raised questions in the minds of perceptive potential private donors about the value and promise of our efforts. Add the uncertainties occasioned by the Vietnam War, by impending legislation, the general state of the economy, the declining market, the enormous and increasing needs of many other competing good causes, public and private worry, and it appears almost certain that the years immediately ahead will be more difficult financially for higher education in this country than any we have experienced for a long time.

BUT not everything on Harvard's financial front last year was gloomy. Giving to the University continued at a high rate and several of the alumni funds- most encouragingly, the Fund for the College- reached new highs. We had more money throughout the University to help students than ever before, more than $17 million, which does not include large sums in job opportunities and outside aids not accounted for on our books. The total amount available to students in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alone for example, was nearly $10 million.

Several efforts to raise new capital funds for the University came to happy and successful conclusions. The campaign to raise $12 million for the Graduate School of Design, so skillfully and devotedly guided from its inception by John L. Locb '24, continued on a selective basis after termination of the major effort in June 1968 and has now met and exceeded the goal originally set. In the course of this post-campaign drive the additional funds were found to meet the enlarged costs of Gund Hall which had increased in the interval considerably beyond the initial estimate. Similarly the attempt to raise a Sesquicentennial Fund of $15 million in new capital for the Law School, relentlessly advanced by its hard-driving National Chairman, Robert Amory Jr. '36. LLB '38, through the efforts of some 1800 alumni workers has now exceeded its goal in cash and pledges. It is our understanding that this is the largest capital sum ever raised for any law school. The added funds have made possible two new buildings providing much-needed additional space for classrooms, offices and library. Significant additional financial support will also be provided for both faculty salaries and student aids.

Spcial mention must also be made of the extraordinary advances in the financial well-being of the Graduate School of Business Administration achieved during George P. Baker's dean-ship, in no small measure because of the Dean's personal efforts. Four more endowed chairs were added last year, another last month, bringing to 35 the present total of such chairs at this school- 22 of them added during Dean Baker's relatively brief administration. The endowment of the School, which passed the $25 million mark last year, has nearly doubled during these years. Two substantial new fellowship funds were added last year. Not less worthy of note- and especially encouraging- are the facts that the Associates Program provided a new high of $850,000 in annual support, and the Business School Fund passed the million-dollar mark in annual giving. It is believed that this is the first graduate school fund in the country to have achieved such a goal. Equally impressive are the new physical facilities, commented on in earlier reports, some of them still scarcely begun, which have been acquired during Dean Baker's administration. The mark he has made on the Business School both in his long career as teacher and as dean has been outstanding.

So the year had good features as well as discouraging ones. Students, faculty, administrative officers- even members of the Governing Boards- all of us, if for different reasons, were subject to sharp criticism from one quarter or another during the past year. Some of this was undoubtedly merited; much of it certainly was not. The basic causes of our troubles, I am convinced, lie in external difficulties which are larger than Harvard and outside our immediate control. But even if this is true, it does not absolve us from responsibility for our posture before them, nor permit us, retreating into defeatism, to allow ourselves to be victimized by them. I hope that in this perplexing period of widespread unrest all those who truly care about Harvard will now come together to enable this great institution once again to provide an example of courage, concern and sanity in a troubled world.

May I also before closing address a word to the alumni about the present undergraduates who will in time be succeeding to our places? Despite the extremely unrepresentative impression given by a few self-righteous zealots among them, the great majority care deeply and sensibly about Harvard and respect her achievement and her aims and tradition, and very much want to become part of them. But they are rightly skeptical of glib references to past history and insist that the University live up more closely to its best purposes and potential. Like their contemporaries in many places, they are angered at the shabbiness and shortcomings which mar our national life, and feel deeply that in this perspective Harvard, and their being at Harvard, should somehow make a difference- should mean something, something different and better. I do not see how anyone- older or younger- can find fault with this. Most of Harvard's present undergraduates are thoughtful and concerned individuals who are insisting only that neither they nor Harvard can ignore nor seek to escape social responsibility. To some their style may at times appear distasteful, but their aim is clearly very much what we all desire and expect from Harvard.

I have tried in this report to suggest the increasing lively concern within the University for the best way to put knowledge to work for social and moral ends. What our undergraduate and other students want- what we all want- is an education which will insure that this current and ongoing concern can now be met more effectively. If we are to meet this commendable expectation, all of us- students, faculty, administrative officers, members of the Governing Boards, alumni,- must now work more diligently to channel into constructive advance the latent energy and fundamental goodwill which motivated so many Harvard people during this past year of stress and turbulence.

IN closing I would like to pay special tribute to a number of Harvard officers who retired at the end of the academic year from the University's active service. Chief among them is Paul Herman Buck, Professor of History, Dean of the Faculty and Provost in the Connate administration, University Professor and Director of the University Library in the Pusey administration. He is an admired friend, colleague and teacher, a fine scholar-educator, an extraordinarily talented administrator. Certainly few Harvard men have worked harder or more devotedly for their university than Paul H. Buck.

Also leaving the University's active service is Jose Luis Sert, for sixteen years Professor of Architecture and Dean of the Faculty of Design, in this period also planning consultant to the University and architect of some of its most attractive and useful recent buildings. Also among the group retiring are Edward S. Mason, Lamont University Professor and former Dean of the Faculty of Public Administration, who allowed himself to be drafted as Acting Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences during Dean Ford's illness last spring. This distinguished economist has been one of the most illustrious Harvard men of his time. After twenty busy and fruitful years James R. Reynolds '23 steps down as Assistant to the President for Development, as does John H. Van Vleck, Hallis Professor of Mathematics and former Dean of the Division of Engineering and Applied Physics. Among those in the group retiring is Philip A. Putnam, Associate Librarian of the Law Library, who served the School for half a century. Helped by Mr. Putnam's long term of service, the total of man years devoted to the University's welfare by this year's group of retiring officers must surely break some kind of record. Harvard's gratitude to these and others leaving the University's service is beyond measure.

My sad annual duty is to record the names of members of our society whose deaths occurred during the calendar year. Among the alumni and friends of the University on this list is Mildred Barnes Bliss, Member of the Board of Advisors of Dumbarton Oaks (and widow of Robert Woods Bliss '00, Art.D. '51, a former Overseer), who with her husband donated to the Trustees for Harvard University the Byzantine and pre-Columbian Collections, libraries, houses, gardens and land comprising the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C. Mrs. Bliss died on January 17, 1969, and is buried beside her husband in the Garden which was her creation and her lifelong love. Death also took five former Overseers- John Mason Brown, Overseer 1949-55, who died March 16, 1969; Edward Waldo Forbes, Overseer 1945-51, who died March 11, 1969 (see below); William Appleton Lawrence, Overseer 1949-55, who died December 21, 1968; Harrison Tweed, Overseer 1950-56, and president of the Alumni Association 1948-49, who died June 16, 1969; and Francis Lee Higginson, Overseer 1916-22, who died July 14, 1969.

To be noted, in addition, is the death on March 31, 1969, of Wilbur Joseph Bender, former Dean of Admissions and Dean of Harvard College, who together with Fred Lee Glimp, also former Dean of Admissions (the latter retired as Dean of the College as of September 1, 1969) did so much to reform and restyle Harvard's admission practices. These two men had a profound and beneficial effect on Harvard College in their time.

January 12, 1970